?The Shaanxi History Museum
Hello, ladies and gentlemen, welcome to Shaanxi History Museum. And I am your tour guide ,named Lihua ,you can also call me Alice.
First, I want to give you a brief introduction of this museum. Shaanxi History Museum is a sizable national museum with a wide range of artifacts. The museum shows a great deal of elegance and originality in style. It was designed by Zhang Jinqiu, a very famous female architect in China.
Now we are in the Preface Hall. Here we can see a giant lion and three big pictures. The giant stone walking lion was originally erected in front of Shunling Mausoleum. It represents the cultural exchange between China and other countries. The massive picture shows the surging and roaring Yellow River and the vast Loess Plateau, the habit of Shaanxi residents and the candle of their ancient civilization.
Ok, we are going to the first gallery. The first section focuses on the history of the Prehistoric Age. Here is the Liantian Ape-man, the fossil of a human skull in Liantian. It was the earliest known Homo erectus in North Asia. And this is the painted pottery. There are a lot of symbols on the edge of it.
Next, we are going to the Zhou Dynasty which was a slave society. The bronze casting technology was in the high period, so we also call it the Bronze Age in Chinese history. The “ding” or tripod, which is a cooking utensil of ancient times, is the symbol of power and rank. Divination had to be practiced for all major activities at that time. A record of the divination results was carved onto the tortoise-shell or animal bone, which formed China’s earliest written script, known as “oracle bone inscription”.Here we can also see some other artifacts, like the Chime Bell, wine vessels.
And next, let’s come to the Qin Dynasty. Agriculture was integral to the economy of the Qin state. The iron implements unearthed from the site indecate that iron wares widely used instead of bronze wares. Here we see a tiger tally（虎符）. The body of it can be divided into two halves. The left was held by the general while the right was held by the Emperor. When both pieces were matched together, the general was allowed to move the army. We can also see a bronze sword which keeps its sharpness and glitter without a sign of rust after being buried for 2000 years.
Well, then, we come to the Han Dynasty. This is a very important historical stage in China’s history. The Han nationality was officially formed during this period. So did the languages. The Han city of Chang’an was the first international metropolis in Chinese history. The Han Dynasty also paid great attentions to agriculture and animal husbandry. Here, we can see a national treasure---a Jade Seal(皇后玉璽). This one belonged to a queen in Han Dynasty,called LvZhi, she was a very powerful woman at that time. And the gold and silver censer is another national treasure. Well, This lamp was very famous in Han Dynasty. At that time people lit an oil light on the round part. The smoke would collect in the stem and then would be filtered in the water filled body.
Next, we come to the Wei, the Jin, the South and North Dynasties. It was the most turbulent period in ancient times. There were wars of unification and national division. This multifaceted seal is made of jet, and there are 26 faces all together. The owner of it was Du guxin. His three daughters were respectively married to three emperors. Therefore, people call him as the first father in law in ancient China.
We will go to the third gallery of the Sui and Tang Dynasties. The Sui and Tang Dynasties was a period when China’s feudal society was at the height of its power and splendor. It also marked a golden era in the history of Shaanxi. The Sui Dynasty was a very short period, but it made a strong base for the development of the Tang Dynasty. Compared with other dynasties, the Tang Dynasty got high marks for its economy, politics, and culture and so on. So next we will see some handicrafts of the Tang Dynasty. Here is the Tang tri-colored glazed Pottery, which brought Chinese pottery craft into a new stage. And one of the best qualities of national treasure is this Lotus-flower design golden-bowl. There are many design cuts on back of the lotus, such as dragon, phoenix, and deer and so on. It shows us the royal technology was very high. Well, this is a fresco, called “Chinese Officials and Foreign Envoys”. It shows the active exchange of friendly and diplomatic visit between China and other countries during the Tang Dynasty.
Ok, ladies and gentlemen, here is a national treasure and is a symbol of our museum ---the Ox-headed Agate Cup. It was made out of one whole piece of agate. This one is one of the most valuable national treasures in our museum.
And in the end, let’s come to the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Since the song dynasty, Xi’an is no longer the capital but still very important. Here is a national treasure---the Green Glazed Bottom of the Song Dynasty. This kettle is not only beautiful,but also has a principle of the pot bottom.
Ok, everyone! So much for this today! We still have some free time. So next, you can look around and take some pictures. We’ll leave at 2 o’clock, so please do not be late. And I’ll stay here, if you have any question, please ask me. By the way, watch your step please! So next, it’s your turn. Thank you for listening.
陜西歷史博物館您好，女士們，先生們，歡迎來(lái)到陜西歷史博物館。 我是你的導(dǎo)游，叫李華，你也可以叫我李道。 首先，我想給你介紹一下這個(gè)博物館。
陜西歷史博物館是一個(gè)規(guī)模龐大的國(guó)家博物館，有各種各樣的文物。 博物館在風(fēng)格上表現(xiàn)出了許多優(yōu)雅和獨(dú)創(chuàng)性。 它是由中國(guó)著名的女建筑師張金秋設(shè)計(jì)的。 現(xiàn)在我們?cè)谛蜓源髲d。 在這里我們可以看到一只巨大的獅子和三幅大畫。 這只巨大的石頭行走的獅子最初是在順陵前豎立起來(lái)的。 它代表著中國(guó)與其他國(guó)家的文化交流。 這幅巨幅描繪的是洶涌澎湃的黃河和廣闊的黃土高原，陜西居民的習(xí)慣和他們古代文明的蠟燭。 好的，我們要去第一個(gè)畫廊。 第一部分重點(diǎn)討論了史前歷史。 這是李昂提亞人，是李昂提人頭骨的化石。 它是北美最早的直立人。 這是彩陶。 它的邊緣有很多符號(hào)。 接下來(lái)，我們將去一個(gè)奴隸社會(huì)的周朝。 青銅鑄造技術(shù)處于鼎盛時(shí)期，我們也稱之為中國(guó)歷史上的青銅時(shí)代。 “鼎”或“三腳架”是古代的烹飪器具，是權(quán)力和等級(jí)的象征。 在那個(gè)時(shí)候，所有主要活動(dòng)都必須進(jìn)行占卜。 在龜殼或動(dòng)物骨上雕刻了占卜結(jié)果的記錄，形成了中國(guó)最早的書面文字，稱為“甲骨文”。 在這里我們還可以看到一些其他的工藝品，比如編鐘，酒瓶。 接下來(lái)，讓我們來(lái)到秦朝。 農(nóng)業(yè)是秦國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的組成部分。 從現(xiàn)場(chǎng)出土的鐵器被廣泛使用而不是青銅器。 在這里我們看到了老虎的數(shù)量。 它的身體可以分為兩半。 左邊是將軍的，右邊是皇帝的。 當(dāng)這兩件事被搭配在一起時(shí)，將軍被允許轉(zhuǎn)移軍隊(duì)。 我們還可以看到一把青銅劍，它在被埋了2000年之后，保持了鋒利和閃光，沒有生銹的跡象。 那么，我們來(lái)到漢朝。 這是中國(guó)歷史上一個(gè)非常重要的歷史階段。 漢族在此期間正式形成。 語(yǔ)言也是如此。 漢城長(zhǎng)安是中國(guó)歷史上第一個(gè)國(guó)際大都市。 漢代對(duì)農(nóng)牧業(yè)也十分重視。 在這里，我們可以看到一個(gè)國(guó)家的寶藏——一只玉璽(玉印)。 這是漢代的一個(gè)王后，名叫綠之，當(dāng)時(shí)她是一個(gè)非常有權(quán)勢(shì)的女人。 金銀香爐是另一種國(guó)寶。 嗯，這盞燈在漢代很有名。 當(dāng)時(shí)人們?cè)趫A形的地方點(diǎn)燃了一盞油燈。 煙霧會(huì)在閥桿中積聚，然后在充滿水的身體中被過(guò)濾。 接下來(lái)，我們來(lái)到魏晉南北朝。 這是古代最動(dòng)蕩的時(shí)期。 有統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和國(guó)家分裂戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。 這個(gè)多面密封是由噴氣制成的，總共有26張臉。 它的主人是杜谷新。 他的三個(gè)女兒分別嫁給了三位皇帝。 因此，人們稱他為中國(guó)古代法律上的第一位父親。 我們將去隋唐的第三個(gè)畫廊。 隋唐時(shí)期是中國(guó)封建社會(huì)處于權(quán)力和輝煌的鼎盛時(shí)期。 它也標(biāo)志著陜西歷史上的黃金時(shí)代。 隋朝是一個(gè)非常短的時(shí)期，但它為唐朝的發(fā)展奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。 與其他朝代相比，唐代的經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、文化等都受到了很高的評(píng)價(jià)。 接下來(lái)我們將看到一些唐代的手工藝品。 這是唐三彩陶器，它把中國(guó)陶器帶入了一個(gè)新的階段。 國(guó)寶的最佳品質(zhì)之一是這個(gè)蓮花設(shè)計(jì)的金碗。 荷花的背面有許多設(shè)計(jì)上的切割，如龍、鳳、鹿等。 它向我們展示了皇家技術(shù)非常高。 這是一幅壁畫，被稱為“中國(guó)官員和外國(guó)特使”。 它展示了唐代期間中國(guó)與其他國(guó)家的友好外交訪問(wèn)。 好了，女士們，先生們，這是一個(gè)國(guó)家的寶藏，是我們博物館的象征——牛頭瑪瑙杯。 它是用一整塊瑪瑙制成的。 這是我們博物館最有價(jià)值的國(guó)寶之一。 最后，讓我們來(lái)看看宋元、明清兩代。 自宋代以來(lái)，西安已不再是首都，但仍然非常重要。 這是一個(gè)國(guó)家的寶藏——宋代的綠色釉底。 這個(gè)水壺不僅漂亮，而且有鍋底的原則。 好了，大家好！ 今天就講到這里! 我們還有一些空閑時(shí)間。 接下來(lái)，你可以四處看看，拍一些照片。 我們兩點(diǎn)鐘離開，所以請(qǐng)不要遲到。 如果你有任何問(wèn)題，請(qǐng)問(wèn)我。 順便問(wèn)一下，請(qǐng)注意你的腳步! 接下來(lái)，輪到你了。 謝謝你的聆聽。
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