經皮冠狀動脈介入治療(PCI)研究的重點是優化治療策略,開發能夠改善療效的新型器械和藥物療法,并且建立危險分層,識別能夠從針對動脈粥樣硬化演變的這些新興療法中獲益的高危患者。
左主干和三支血管病變
分叉病變
CTO病變
根據ESC心肌血運重建指南,結合隨機對照研究的結果,歐洲CTO俱樂部建議:
在最佳藥物治療后仍有癥狀的情況下應進行CTO再通;
小血管病變和支架內再狹窄
DES 和BVS
介入治療的輔助器械
該研究納入了60例鈣化嚴重,長度≤32mm的患者。結果顯示,該手術在所有病變均成功進行,即刻管腔獲得為1.7mm,術后殘余狹窄為12.2%。隨訪6個月時總的MACE事件為8.3%,3例圍手術期心梗和2例心源性死亡27。
DISRUPT CAD II研究納入120例患者,研究結果相似,院內MACE事件5.8%(7例非Q波心梗),30天MACE事件7.6%。48例患者術前應用OCT檢查,其中47例術后再次OCT檢查,結果顯示IVL可使一處鈣化出現3.4±2.6個斷裂,即刻管腔面積增加4.79±2.45mm2,完美支架膨脹達102.8±30.6%28。
最近,Wilson等報道IVL可導致心室早搏和不同步起搏,但該研究中未發現惡性心律失常事件29。
輔助藥物治療
今年發表的一項薈萃分析隨機對比PCI術后房顫患者雙抗vs三聯抗血小板治療的安全性和有效性,再次證實了上述發現,接受雙聯抗栓治療的患者出血風險降低(13.4% vs.20.8%;P<0.0001),但支架內血栓的風險增加(1% vs.0.6%;P=0.040)34。
冠脈生理檢查
這些解決方案的初步驗證顯示出良好的結果;然而,在其廣泛應用于臨床領域之前,需要進一步在更多患者中評估其療效。
血管內影像
無創成像技術
易損斑塊的檢測
CLIMA研究是一個前瞻性、多中心研究,研究OCT下斑塊特征對預后的意義53。研究納入1003例行冠脈造影患者,采用OCT檢查未行PCI的LAD近段病變。該研究發現最小管腔面積<3.5 mm2,脂質弧>180°,纖維帽厚度<75μm,以及巨噬細胞累積是心源性死亡和靶血管段心肌梗死的獨立預測因子。具有上述所有斑塊特征患者的事件發生率高于其他患者(18.9% vs.3.0%, P<0.001)。
冠脈影像進展
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